We now understand more than ever about how babies’ brains develop — and what we’ve learned is powerful.

At birth, a baby’s brain is only about one-quarter the size of an adult’s, but it’s already wired for growth. Those billions of brain cells are waiting to connect, and they do that through everyday experiences. When brain connections are used, they strengthen. If they aren’t used, they fade away.

That’s just one breakthrough in a growing body of research showing how critical the early years of life are. Here are some key facts you might not know:

The brain continues changing throughout life — but the fastest growth happens in the first three years.

By age 3, a child’s brain is twice as active as an adult’s.

A child’s brain development is shaped by both genetics and life experience.

Loving relationships and positive early experiences shape how a child’s brain is “wired.”

These early connections form the foundation for future learning, emotional development, and behavior.

Brain development and behavior are linked — they influence each other constantly.

Every brain is unique, developing based on a mix of genetics, environment, relationships, health, and nutrition.

What does this mean for parents and caregivers? It means the impact you make starts earlier than anyone used to believe. But rather than feeling overwhelmed, this should feel empowering. You don’t need a degree in neuroscience — you just need to be present, loving and engaged.

Think about how much your baby can already do by three months: lift her head and chest, grab your finger, look into your eyes, and smile when you smile at her. Every one of these moments is a learning opportunity.

And here’s something truly amazing: talking to your baby actually changes her brain. In one study, researchers in Paris observed 3-month-old babies as they listened to someone reading aloud for just 20 seconds. Brain scans lit up in the same language-processing area that adults use. When the speech stopped, so did the activity. That’s how immediate and powerful your voice is.

So talk. A lot. Sing, read, narrate your day. Your voice is more than comforting — it’s a tool for building your child’s brain.

Early parenting isn’t just about surviving the newborn stage. It’s one of the most meaningful and rewarding opportunities you’ll ever have. Your presence, your words, your love — it all adds up. And the connections you’re helping form today will support your child for a lifetime.

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Cynthia Martin is the founder of the First Teacher program and former executive director of Parenting Matters Foundation, which published newsletters for parents, caregivers and grandparents.