By Cynthia Martin

The holiday season is packed with excitement, but for young children, it can also bring disruption and stress. Every child responds differently to changes in routine, especially in the early years. As a parent, understanding what your child can handle developmentally can make the season more joyful for everyone.

Here’s a look at how children experience the holidays by age, and how you can help make it a positive time for your family:

Age 2

At this age, toddlers thrive on routine, and the holidays tend to shake that up. While they love being around family and soaking up the energy, the noise, crowds, and unfamiliar events can be too much. Keep celebrations simple, and don’t expect them to grasp what the holiday is about just yet. Being with you is what matters most.

Age 3

Three-year-olds believe everyone celebrates just like they do. They’re excited by lights, wrapping paper, and opening gifts — but what’s inside may matter less than the act of unwrapping. Use this as a time to talk about how other families celebrate differently. Keep expectations low and experiences joyful.

Age 4

Now they’re connecting the dots, beginning to remember past celebrations and anticipate what’s coming. They’re just starting to grasp that different people celebrate different holidays. You can start sharing simple, accurate explanations about your family’s traditions and why they matter. Be ready, though: they may still want to open every gift in sight!

Age 5-6

Children this age love helping decorate, bake, and get involved in holiday prep. They’re big on traditions. Expect to hear things like “We always do this!” and don’t be surprised if they get upset when something changes. They also enjoy learning about how other people celebrate, and they’re finally starting to understand the why behind the holidays. Patience, however, is still a work in progress. They may struggle with waiting their turn or dealing with disappointment.

Shape expectations

Holidays can be magical — or overwhelming. A lot depends on how parents plan and respond. Try to stick to routines when possible and avoid over-packing the schedule. Keep over-stimulation in check, and remember: your child’s developmental stage is the best guide for shaping expectations. When you plan with empathy and flexibility, everyone has a better time — including you.